Securing the safety of transport between the metropolitan area and local areas and accelerate the flow of people and goods is the main objective of the rehabilitation of the damaged bridges along the road section in the Luzon island, which is the longest north-south highway in the Philippines and the Manila North Highway, which connects Metropolitan Manila and the northern Luzon island, thereby contributing to the economic development of the Luzon Island.The study determined the conditions of the major bridges in Isabela section of the Cagayan Valley Road like the Naguilian bridge, Ganano bridge, and Tumauini bridge and among others. The study was conducted to examine the different structural parts of those bridges such as substructure, superstructure, other appurtenances and the defects were noted. The possible factors that may have caused the defects were also identified. Likewise, the sites around the bridges were examined to identify the conditions that may have affected the bridges. The conditions of the major bridges in Isabela section of the Cagayan Valley Road was evaluated as not in good condition. The bridge defects as evaluated were spalling and scaling of concrete, cracks, eroded embankment, corrosion and paint peel-off of steel members, scouring, potholes and honeycombs. The bridge defects were caused by concrete expansion or contraction due to environmental factors like a change of weather, weight of passing vehicles, perhaps fatigue, and action of water. The joints of the bridges may have been caused by heavy traffic.

This research project sought to find out the socio-economic status of the small-scale fishers of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Samar, considering the diminishing volume of the catch of the species in the recent years. Using a blend of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study employed an interview schedule, focus group discussion (FGD) and observation in collecting data not only from the fishers but also from other sectors directly involved in the blue swimming crab industry.

Hotel businesses consume significant amounts of natural resources, expel large amounts of raw and solid wastes and affect the sustainability of the natural environment in which they operate (Ustad,2010).To reduce the negative impact on the environment, the hotel sector worldwide has embarked on a course of implementing environmental management practices (Green Hotel Association, 2009). The study was conducted to identify the green practices in the deluxe hotels of Cebu and its level of implementation. It employed the descriptive design. A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the needed data and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the existing green practices in the deluxe hotels of Cebu are the use of a key card, low energy saving bulbs, purchase of food items and cleaning chemicals in bulk containers and reuse of linen and towel. Furthermore, the Deluxe Hotels in Cebu were only partially implementing green practices. Hence, the study recommended an operational plan to improve the implementation of green practices.

The Itawis is one of the indigenous groups of Isabela, Philippines, along with the Ybanags, Yogads, and Gaddangs. In Cagayan Valley, two groups of Itawis are found: one from the Province of Cagayan and the other, from Echague, Isabela.This study was conducted to determine what is left of the traditional practices of the indigenous group “Itawis” of Echague, Isabela, Philippines that are gradually vanishing due to the modern way of living or due to acculturation. The study used the descriptive research method. The researchers, who belong to the minorities themselves, gathered the data of the study through immersion with the living cultural masters and through participation in the rituals. Other data were gathered through an interview with the remaining members of the minority group. The rituals were documented, noted, and were explained by the elders. Frequency and percentages were used. The findings showed that the Itawis women still observe some practices in giving birth, in caring and feeding the baby such as “passa”, “tappe-tappet”, “baraga”, “iyaw”, “alintugurayan”. The “botiso and lallay” in baptism, the “passerbi” in courtship, the “intrega” and “pamonek” in marriage and “patunak” in building a house were some of the identified rituals still practiced by the Itawis.

This study focused on eliciting information on the employment status of the Information Technology (IT) graduates of Cagayan State University. Further, it also highlighted on the assessment of the IT program objectives and components, and the relationship between selected profile variables to their employability. Descriptive method was used to describe the profile of the 96 respondents from the 3-part survey-questionnaire, and t-test for determining relationships. Sixty-nine (69) respondents or 71.88 percent were employed by predominantly single and young females. Granted with PC Operations NCII, their areas of interest were mainly on PC Operations and multimedia. The majority had more than ten (10) attendances to training/seminars. As contractual along data entry operations in private companies, the majority received just enough monthly salary of P9, 000.00 to P11, 000.00, in jobs relevant to their IT education, skills and knowledge deemed important in the exercise of their functions. IT program objectives, components, and processes were attained, implying that the University had attainable objectives including a responsive IT curriculum and instructional systems, competent and technically knowledgeable teachers, and adequate physical facilities. Instructional systems, convenient classroom and school buildings were contributory to graduates’ employability.

This paper aimed to evaluate the existing environmental code of the municipality of Malvar in Batangas. Specifically, this paper aimed to evaluate the quality, relevance and effectiveness of the existing policies on water resources particular on water pollution abatement in the three river systems of Malvar. It made use of triangulation of methods: observation, interview and survey. A total of 40 samples were adopted and proportionately distributed to Bagong Pook and Poblacion- barangays considered as major pollution contributor. Twenty household- respondents from each barangay were selected from the list of households living along the river since Malvar- MENRO reported that household use and dumping of solid waste were critical in these areas. Results showed that quality in terms of activities and resources was not elaborated in the three ordinances; though these policies were relevant; River Protection Ordinance had the least level of awareness; effectiveness of implementation was constrained by politics. The study concluded that historical developments of the three ordinances revealed of a policy framework which is a top-down approach. These ordinances were of great relevance to the need to protect San Juan River and its tributaries. However, the absence of Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for River Protection and Anti-Littering Ordinances affects the extent of their implementation.

This research designed and built a portable wireless sensor network that is capable of handling data acquisition and transmission over a generic and dedicated network. The project used sensors, actuators and a real-time tracking system application in demonstrating the capability of wireless sensor network which is useful during disasters when all communication systems are down. The finished design includes a base station that controls three wireless sensor nodes which can communicate up to a maximum distance of 2 miles outdoors (line of sight) and 300-400 feet urban/indoors. Each node featured a device or module application that sends data to our base station for proper monitoring and processing. The network is self-configurable when powered on and is expandable in supporting a number of wireless sensor nodes to create a network. The use of wireless sensors in tagging and sensing data to the application in many industries and disaster mitigation provides endless possibilities that have potential to be the economically viable replacement to wired networks.

Writing has become a difficult task and skill to develop; even to native English speakers. It is a complicated process that requires a rigorous application of grammar and mechanics.This study attempted to investigate the grammatical errors in a corpus of 158 compositions written by Criminology students enrolled in English 12 (Writing in the Discipline) during the second semester of the school year 2014- 2015 at Isabela State University Echague campus. The study made use of quantitative analysis method as it required a thorough, careful and exhaustive analysis in identifying and categorizing the errors in the written composition. The study specifically determined the profile of the respondents, their morphological errors in terms of tenses, subject and verb agreement and preposition and their Mechanical errors in terms of capitalization, spelling, and punctuation. The study also looked into the relationship of the respondents’ profile and their morphological and mechanical errors in writing. The results revealed that the respondents’ committed the most error in Mechanical terms than in Morphological terms. In addition, it was found that there was a relationship between the respondents’ morphological errors and their profiles, particularly in terms of their ethnicity and mothers’ educational attainment

The Philippines is full of dynastic families that are the elites of the country, as what the people perceived of it. Political dynasty is very common in our country for the people tend to vote the families that are very influential and are rich. It is a problem in politics that is still present nowadays and that no law prohibiting political dynasty has been passed. Badian, Cebu is one of the towns that is being influenced by dynastic families, the Agravante and the Librando, now, being influenced by the Librando clan. Badian as a third class municipality needs to improve economically as it is facing a lot of problems on its way to urbanization. The study aims to discover the local resident’s perception of a political dynasty, why political dynasty continues to exist and how political dynasty shapes the political landscape of the town in order to find answers toward the attitude of the respondents of four selected barangays in Badian of a political dynasty. As the researchers finished the conducting of surveys, the researcher interpreted the results and discovered that the local residents are voting Librando family for they trust them. Majority of the respondents put much of the members of one family in the positions for they think that the family can give attention to their personal interests. The respondents are still voting the same members or relatives of the family even though there’s a prohibition from the Constitution because they still want to vote for them. The researchers recommend that residents should vote wisely for their future.

There are a lot of human activities that contribute to waste generation. These waste materials if failed to be disposed of in the proper manner and in the proper place create a serious problem to humans and threat to nature. Solid Waste Management plays a big role in the preservation of life and nature. Managing wastes has become a problem, especially in highly urbanized areas. The Philippines is considered as the tiger economy of Asia for its fast growth and development. This advancement comes together with problems of solid waste management. Republic Act 9003 of the Philippines addresses different issues regarding Solid Waste Management. It mandates Local Government Units to implement policies to promote proper solid waste management. This study is concerned on the SWM of Barangay Lahug, Cebu City. It examines the ordinances and implementation enforced by the local government unit (LGU) and the status of practices and compliance the residents in the barangay make regarding solid waste management. It will also investigate the municipal solid waste management in a barangay level. In conducting this study, interview questionnaires were answered by 107 household residents and 21 business/commercial establishments’ respondents. An interview with the Lahug LGU representative was held. The survey was conducted to gather information on the knowledge and practices respondents have on solid waste management. This paper concludes that solid waste management in Barangay Lahug implements solid waste management through enforcing Cebu City Ordinance No. 2031 known as Solid Waste Segregation. The awareness of the residents and business establishments in the barangay about solid waste management is high. The practices and compliance of residents indicate the knowledge and training they have acquired. Solid waste management is a human obligation to fulfill. The inefficiency and failure to sustain proper solid waste management is a societal, environmental, economic, and political issue.